Instructional-Design Theory

"An instructional-design theory is a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to help people learn and develop. The kinds of learning and development include cognitive, emotioal, physical, and spiritual."

Reiguleth, 1999 p5

David Merrill: Instructional Transaction Theory (ITT)

.. an instructional transaction is all of the learning interactions necesssary for a student to acquire a particular kind of knowledge or skill (learning goal).

• learning interactions
• instructional transaction shell
• knowledge objects
• knowledge structure

An instructional transaction alogorithm includes the presentation strategies, the practice strategies, and the leaner guidance strategies tht are required and appropriate to promote acquistion of the instructional goal.

• Component Transactions
  • IDENTIFY
  • EXECUTE
  • INTERPRET

• Association Transactions
  • PROPAGATE
  • ANALOGIZE
  • SUBSTITUTE
  • DESIGN
  • DISCOVER

• Abstraction Transactions
  • JUDGE
  • CLASSIFY
  • GENERALIZE
  • DECIDE
  • TRANSFER

David Merrill: Instructional Transaction Theory in Reigeluth. 1999 p.402

Charles Reiguleth: The Elaboration Theory: Guidance for Scope and Sequence Decisions

• the size of each group of content (learning episode)
• the components of each learning episode
• the order of components within each episode
• the order of episodes

Reigeluth: p.433