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Copyright (C) 2001 ContentGuard Holdings, Inc. All rights reserved. "ContentGuard" is a registered trademark and "XrML", "eXtensible rights Markup Language", the XrML logo, and the ContentGuard logo are trademarks of ContentGuard Holdings, Inc. All other trademarks are properties of their respective owners.
Part III: Standard Extension Schema
Part IV: Content Extension Schema
7 About the XrML Content Extension
8 Content Extension Data Model
9.2 Content Extension Resources and Metadata
9.2.1 The DigitalWork Resource
9.2.2 The SimpleDigitalWorkMetadata
9.2.3 The SecurityLevel Resource
9.3 Content Extension Conditions and Obligations
9.3.1 The Destination Condition
The XrML content extension is an extension to XrML 2.0 that describes rights, conditions, and metadata for digital works, allowing trusted systems to exchange digital works and interoperate.
Trusted systems (or repositories) are systems that can hold digital works and that can be trusted to honor the rights and conditions specified for them. For example, in document commerce, trusted systems are for authoring, playing, and selling digital works. They include personal systems, on-line storefront systems, library systems, and so on.
Design goals for the XrML content extension are:
To enable content owners and distributors to describe rights and conditions appropriate to commerce models they select.
To provide standard terms for usage rights with useful, concise, easily understandable meanings.
To offer vendors sound operational definitions of trusted systems for compliance testing and evaluation.
To provide extensibility to the language features to meet the needs of the digital content industry today and as it develops in the future.
The XrML content extension is defined using XML Schema and extensively exploits its typing system.
This chapter describes the basic elements for the XrML content extension. These elements describe following:
The Resource
s to which Right
s and
Condition
s
apply. The XrML content extension defines resources that encapsulate
DigitalWork
s and their
metadata
.
Right
s to distribute or use a
DigitalWork
.
The XrML content extension extends the resource
element defined by the
XrML 2.0 Core to address digital works.
Specifically, the XrML content extension defines a
DigitalWork
type that encapsulates
information about a digital work.
Resource Model
The
DigitalWork
represents the digital content to which Right
s and
Condition
s are being applied.
The digital work consists of
the following:
A description
of the work, which may be provided in several languages.
metadata
for the work (see below).
A locator
for the work's content.
The parts
of this work, each of which is itself a
DigitalWork
.
Digital Work Model
metadata
specifies information about the DigitalWork
. This information may be
used in many contexts. For example, an eCommerce web site may use this
information to construct a catalog of works for sale.
The SimpleDigitalWorkMetadata
provides the following
information:
title
of the work. creator
s of the work, which may or may not
be the same as the owner
s.
publisher
s of the work, which may or may not
be the same as the owner
s. publicationDate
(and optionally the time on that
date). owner
s of the work, which may or may not be
the same as the creator
s
or publisher
s. The
owner
s hold copyright
on the work. copyright
declarations for the work.Simple Digital Work Metadata Model
When using the XrML content extension, Right
s are
associated with a DigitalWork
to describe how it may be distributed
and/or used. Each Right
has a corresponding transaction that defines what a trusted system or repository does when
that right is exercised.
The XrML 2.0 Core and Standard Extension define some
general-use rights. The XrML content extension defines Right
s
specific to distributing and using DigitalWork
s. Conceptually, these
Right
s are grouped by type as follows:
Govern the rendering of a
|
|
Transport Rights |
Govern the movement of a
|
Govern the reuse of a digital work, in whole or in part, to create a new or composite work.
|
|
Govern two types of operations:
|
|
Govern the addition and removal of system software from a repository.
|
Right Model
Conditions specify the terms, conditions, restrictions, and other
modifiers applied to the exercise of Right
s. These elements can be used to specify,
for instance, watermarks to be applied when using a work or
other restrictions on use.
The XrML 2.0 Core and Standard Extension define some
general-use Condition
s, such as fees and
expiration times. The XrML content extension defines the
following Condition
s specific to distributing and using
DigitalWork
s:
Limits the repositories to which a work can be
moved. |
|
Helper
|
Limits the software that can be used to exercise a Right .
|
Identifies the device that can be used to
render a work. |
|
Limits the source device |
|
Specifies a
digital watermark. |
Condition Model
The XrML Content Extension extends the XrML Core by defining rights, resources and metadata, and conditions and obligations related to digital content management.
This section describes each of the Right
elements defined by the XrML Content Extension.
Each XrML Content Extension Right
element has a corresponding type that extends the
Right
complex type defined in the XrML Core.
AccessFolderInfo
Type accessFolderInfo
Element AccessFolderInfo
Right
The AccessFolderInfo
type represents the Right
to deliver
or reveal information about the works contained within folders.
AccessFolderInfo
is one of the file management
rights.
Right
to get a directory listing of the Specs
folder Backup
Type backup
Element Backup
Right
The Backup
type represents the Right
to make copies of a DigitalWork
for the purpose of guarding against the loss of the
original due to accident or catastrophic media or equipment failure
The backup copy is created as a new work, separate from the original work that
was backed up. The only Right
which may be exercised on a
backup work is the Restore
Right
. The license for the original work may or may not be valid
for the backup copy. For this reason, this specification
does not mandate any specification of rights for the backup copy.
Backup
is one of the file management
rights.
Backup
book1 Copy
Type copy
Element Copy
Right
The new copy of the DigitalWork
is created as a new work, separate from the original that was
copied. The license for the original work may or may not be valid for the
new copy. For this reason, this specification
does not mandate any specification of rights for the new copy.
Copy
is one of the transport rights.
Delete
Type delete
Element Delete
Right
Generally, any copy owner would have the Right
to Delete
the
DigitalWork
.
The Right
to Delete
must be controlled if many
people can log into a repository and Delete
files either accidentally or in malicious mischief. To prevent the unwanted and unauthorized
deletion of remotely-accessed DigitalWork
s, a Delete
Right
typically includes various
conditions.
An opposite problem from unauthorized deletion is the creation of "Trojan
Horse" works that are copied for free but require fees to Delete
them. To
defend against such tricks, many repositories generate warning and
confirmation messages before accepting copies of works that lack Delete
Right
s
or that assess charges or Condition
s to exercise this Right
.
Delete
is one of the file management
rights.
Delete
the Specs folder Edit
Type edit
Element Edit
Right
Since the content of the edited work has changed from the
original DigitalWork
, the license for the original work may or may not be valid for the
edited work. For this reason, when the edited copy
is saved, it is considered a new work even if it overwrites the original copy. In
addition, this specification
does not mandate any specification of rights for the edited copy.
Edit
is like Extract
in that it creates a new work. It differs from
Extract
in that it confers the right to
make changes to the work.
Edit
is one of the derivative work
rights.
Edit
XMLBook Embed
Type embed
Element Embed
Right
The Embed
type represents the Right
to include a
DigitalWork
as part of another
work, forming a composite work.
The composite work is created as a new work, separate from the original work that was embedded. The license for the original work may or may not be valid for the composite work. For this reason, this specification does not mandate any specification of rights for the composite work.
Embed
is one of the derivative work rights.
Execute
Type execute
Element Execute
Right
Execute
is one of the file management
rights.
execute
the XmlReader application Export
Type export
Element Export
Right
Typically, the
exported copy of the
DigitalWork
would be in a file format
suitable for unrestricted viewing, printing, or editing. Thus, this Right
can be
used to make a digital copy that is not encrypted or otherwise protected. For
example, an Export
Right
might be exercised to release an older work after it
has passed out of copyright.
The exported copy is created as a new work, separate from the original work. The license for the original work may or may not be valid for the exported copy. For this reason, this specification does not mandate any specification of rights for the exported copy.
Export
differs from Copy
in that an Export
is made to an in-the-clear
non-secure repository whereas a Copy
is made to another secure repository.
Export
is one of the render rights.
Export
chapter 1 if she pays $30.00 Extract
Type extract
Element Extract
Right
A rights owner can divide a DigitalWork
up into several sub-works, each with its own
rights specification. In this way, the rights owner
can decide whether a work can be reused as a whole or in parts and
associate different Right
s
and Condition
s with the parts of a
DigitalWork
.
The extracted material is created as a new work, separate from the original work. The license for the original work may or may not be valid for the extracted copy. For this reason, this specification does not mandate any specification of rights for the extracted copy.
Extract
differs from Edit
in that it does not
grant the Right
to modify a work.
Extract
is one of the derivative work
rights.
Extract
image1 Install
Type install
Element Install
Right
Simply copying a program to a repository does not make it runable. The installation operation checks that software is certified, that it has not been tampered with, and that it is compatible with the repository. If these conditions are satisfied, the install operation links the software into the secure software procedures of the repository.
Install
is one of the configuration rights.
Loan
Type loan
Element Loan
Right
Exercising a Loan
Right
creates a "loaner" copy of a
DigitalWork
on a receiving repository. The loaner copy is created as new work, separate from the original work. The
license
for the original work may or may not be valid for the loaner copy. For
this reason, this specification
does not mandate any specification of rights for the loaner copy.
Typically, the original copy of the work cannot be used while the work is "on loan". Throughout the loan period, both repositories must take the loan into account in all transactions relevant to the work on loan. At the end of the loan period, the loaner copy deactivates and the original copy reactivates.
Note: If the original repository contains more than one copy of the work, the original repository can still exercise all rights on copies that are not on loan.
Loan
is one of the transport rights.
ManageFolder
Type manageFolder
Element ManageFolder
Right
The ManageFolder
type represents the Right
to perform the following operations:
The Right
to perform all of these repository actions is governed by the
single ManageFolder
Right
; there are no separate
rights for moving or
renaming files and folders. The ManageFolder
Right
is commonly exercised by commands at a repository
user interface.
ManageFolder
is one of the file management
rights.
ManageFolder
access Play
Type play
Element Play
Right
Typically, a Grant
containing a Play
element also contains a
Condition
specifying the device
on which to Play
the Resource
. For more information, refer to the
Renderer
Condition
.
Play
is one of the render rights.
Play
a movie Print
Type print
Element Print
Right
Print
is different from Export
in that Print
creates non-digital copies while
Export
creates digital copies.
Print
is one of the render rights.
Read
Type read
Element Read
Right
The Read
type represents a Right
to access a
DigitalWork
. It
should not be confused with Play
, which represents the Right
to render a DigitalWork
.
Read
is one of the file management
rights.
Restore
Type restore
Element Restore
Right Restore
is one of the file management
rights.
Transfer
Type transfer
Element Transfer
Right
Exercising a Transfer
Right
moves the
DigitalWork
from one repository to another.
Exercising a Transfer
Right
does not increase the number of copies
of a work, because the Transfer
transaction between two repositories removes
the DigitalWork
from the original repository when the copy has been created and
verified on the receiving repository.
The transferred copy is created as a new work in the receiving repository, separate from the original work. The license for the original work may or may not be valid for the transferred copy. For this reason, this specification does not mandate any specification of rights for the transferred copy.
Transfer
is one of the transport rights.
Transfer
book1 Uninstall
Type Uninstall
Element Uninstall
Right
The Uninstall
type represents the Right
to Uninstall
a
Resource
. The Uninstall
operation removes software from the
running system. The Uninstall
operation does not Delete
the file corresponding to the
program; it merely disables the program from running, restoring it to the state
in which it was before installation.
Uninstall
is one of the configuration rights.
Verify
Type Verify
Element Verify
Right
The Verify
type represents the Right
to authenticate a given
DigitalWork
and/or verify its integrity.
Verify
is one of the file management
rights.
Verify
right Write
Type Write
Element Write
Right
Write
is one of the file management
rights.
Write
rightThis section describes each of the Resource
and metadata
elements defined by the XrML Content Extension. These elements
represent DigitalWork
s and the information about them.
DigitalWork
Typed
igitalWork
Element DigitalWork
Resource
A DigitalWork
may consist of several identified parts
, each of which is
itself a DigitalWork
. With this construction, Right
s to use different
parts
of the work might be granted differently to different parties.
DigitalWork
The optional description
element describes the work, possibly in
different languages. The sequence of bits identified by this DigitalWork
is not affected by this element.
The optional metadata
element enables referencing of
metadata that is embedded in a Resource
, or metadata that exists in a database,
or an XML fragment of metadata that makes use of other metadata schemes.
It is of type DigitalResource
defined in the core schema. The
sequence of bits identified by this DigitalWork
must be able to be shown to have
each of the metadata
specified here.
The optional locator
element specifies how to locate the content of
the work. It may specify a location or an inline inclusion of the content.
It is of type DigitalResource
, which is defined in the XrML Core.
The sequence of bits identified by this DigitalWork
must be that sequence of
bits identified by this locator
, whose semantics are exactly that of its type.
The optional parts
element specifies the DigitalWork
s
that are included as parts
of this work. It is of type DigitalWork
.
The sequence of bits identified by this DigitalWork
must be able to be shown to
have each of the parts
specified here.
SimpleDigitalWorkMetadata
Type simpleDigitalWorkMetadata
ElementThe SimpleDigitalWorkMetadata
type may be embedded in the
metadata
xml
specification to specify
information related to the DigitalResource
. Note that the xml
element
is part of the DigitalResource
type, which
servers the type of metadata
.
DigitalResource
is defined in XrML Core.
The SimpleDigitalWorkMetadata
title
specifies the work title; it has type
LinguisticString
,
which is defined in the XrML Core.
The creator
element specifies the party who created the work,
such as an author, illustrator, editor or translator.
The publisher
element specifies the party who published the
work.
The publicationDate
specifies the date (and possibly time) at which this work was published.
The owner
element specifies the holder of the copyright for the
work.
The copyright
element specifies the formal copyright declaration(s) of the work.
MediaFileTypeCode
entity from ONIX. SecurityLevel
Type securityLevel
Element SecurityLevel
Resource
To specify a SecurityLevel
, place the securityLevel
element as a
Resource
in a Grant
that
also specifies the PossessProperty
Right
, which is defined in the XrML Core.
The SecurityLevel
element is an extension of the Resource
element, which is defined in the XrML Core.
The value
element specifies the security level.
securityLevel
of 5 to a projectorThis section describes each of the condition
and obligation elements defined by the XrML Content Extension. These elements
represent restrictions or modifiers that can be associated with rights in
Grant
specifications.
Destination
Type destination
Element Destination
Condition
A typical use of a Destination
element is in a Grant
that includes a Transfer
Right
. In this case, the Destination
element could be used to limit the
secure repository to which a work can be transferred.
The Destination
type is an extension of the
Condition
type, which is defined in the
XrML Core.
The Destination
/principal
must be the destination
secure repository for this Condition
to be satisfied.
Helper
Type helper
Element Helper
Condition
The Helper
type may be specified for any
Right
. A typical use of a
Helper
element is in a Grant
that includes a Play
right. In this case, the Helper
element could be used to specify the software
that can be used to Play
the work.
The Helper
type is an extension of the
Condition
type, which is defined in the XrML
core.
The Helper
/principal
must be the controlling
software for this Condition
to be satisfied.
Renderer
Type renderer
Element Renderer
Condition
A typical use of a Renderer
element is in a Grant
that includes an
Play
Right
. In this case, the Renderer
element could be used to specify the device on
which the work can be played.
The Renderer
type is an extension of the
Condition
type, which is defined in the
XrML Core.
The Renderer
/principal
must be the rendering device
for this Condition
to be satisfied.
Renderer
Source
Type source
Element Source
Condition
A typical use of a Source
element is in a Grant
that includes a
Copy
Right
. In this case, the Source
element could be used to limit the source device
from which to read.
The Source
type is an extension of the
Condition
type, which is defined in the XrML
Core.
The Source
/principal
must be the source secure
repository for this Condition
to be satisfied.
ManageFolder
right on a smartcard Watermark
Type watermark
Element Watermark
Condition
The Watermark
Condition
is typically used in Grant
s that specify
Backup
, Export
, Install
, Play
, and Print
rights.
string
element specifies a piece of information known at the time the
DigitalWork
is published,
such as distributor contact URL or creator ID.
The WatermarkToken
element represents a fingerprint watermark. The fingerprint
watermark ensures copyright protection
by watermarking the DigitalWork
with customer identification used to track and trace legal
or illegal copies. The following table lists the defined watermark tokens and
their meanings:
Token | Meaning |
all-rights | Listing of all rights associated with the work, expressed in XrML |
render-rights | Listing of all render rights associated with the work, expressed in XrML |
user-name | The user's name |
user-id | The user's ID, associated with his identity certificate |
user-location | The user's location, associated with his identity certificate |
institution-name | The institution's name that owns the rendering service or rendering device |
institution-id | The institution's ID, associated with its identity certificate |
institution-location | The institution's location, associated with its identity certificate |
render-name | The name of the rendering device (e.g. the printer name) that rendered the copy |
render-id | The rendering device's ID, associated with its identity certificate |
render-location | The rendering device's location, associated with its identity certificate |
render-time | The time and date that the work was rendered |
copy-number | The number of copies of the work |
The object
element specifies a kind of watermark that is a
DigitalWork
encoded so that it cannot be found without possession of a secret key.